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Music therapy involves the use of music to promote, maintain, and restore physical and mental health. Music analgesia is one aspect of music therapy focused on the reduction of pain through the use of musical activities. This study will build upon music analgesia data in the development of a new concept called music engagement. This concept is based on constructivist theory, which presumes that the brain continuously constructs and revises a model of reality. Pain is a constructed reality that may be prevented from being felt if a person is actively engaged in constructing another perceptual experience. Music listening is an activity that requires activation and integration of many complex cognitive and emotional processes; therefore, being actively engaged in music listening can impede the construction of pain if the listener can fully construct and sustain the music experience. This study will determine whether engagement in and construction of a music listening experience can reduce perceptions of pain
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